Sources and method

Celsius and Fahrenheit

°F = °C × 9/5 + 32. The exact figure is shown, together with the number you can actually set: °F oven dials go by 25 degrees, °C dials by 10.

Gas mark, thermostat and Gas-Stufe

Gas marks follow the table printed on British recipes (BBC Good Food, Which?): ¼ = 110 °C, ½ = 120 °C, 1 = 140 °C, 2 = 150 °C, 3 = 170 °C, 4 = 180 °C, 5 = 190 °C, 6 = 200 °C, 7 = 220 °C, 8 = 230 °C, 9 = 240 °C.

French thermostat: thermostat × 30 = °C (thermostat 6 = 180 °C). German Gas-Stufe: the common table runs from Stufe 1 = 140 °C to Stufe 8 = 280 °C in 20 °C steps; some older ovens use another table, so check your oven's manual.

Fan ovens and limits

A fan oven is set about 20 °C lower than a conventional one. Ovens differ by 10 °C or more from what the dial says: an oven thermometer tells you the real temperature.

Corrections

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